In summary, riboflavin (vitamin B2) is essential for the biochemistry of the nervous system, functioning as a cofactor in redox reactions, supporting ATP production, enhancing antioxidant defense, and promoting overall cellular health ( 4 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B3, commonly known as niacin, is predominantly found in meats, cereals, dairy products, fish, and eggs, and the recommended daily intake for niacin ranges from 15 mg/day to 20 mg/day for humans ( Niacin is crucial for the biochemistry of the nervous system, playing a significant role in energy metabolism, antioxidant activities, and the synthesis of essential molecules for neuronal function, such as acting in dopamine synthesis ( Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a co-substrate for various enzymes, such as sirtuins, polymerases, and cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis ( Niacin also contributes to the synthesis of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, a derivative of tryptophan, which is pivotal for mood regulation and various neurological functions, such as sleep and appetite, besides impacting cognitive and executive functions ( Chronic niacin deficiency leads to pellagra, a condition now rare in developed countries due to its association with poor nutrition, resulting from low intake of niacin or tryptophan ( Wang et al
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