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cannot be rescued by supplements for cofactor use Longer mitoFAS products (1416 carbons) stabilize electron transport chain assembly factors, explaining why pathway loss collapses respiration even when lipoic acid is intact Knocking out mitoFAS causes embryonic lethality, insulin resistance, poor glucose homeostasis, and a rare neurodegenerative disorder (MEPAN syndrome) Overexpressing the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein protects mice from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiac injury Muscle cell differentiation fails without mitoFAS, hinting at a role in tissue development and repair Practical Takeaways: Supplemental lipoic acid can act as an antioxidant but cannot replace the lipoic acid your mitochondria must make themselves for enzyme function

Circulation 126 , 13011313 (2012)

It plays a vital role in stabilizing energy and reducing cravings

However, these results should not be interpreted as direct evidence of therapeutic efficacy